Impact of digital inclusive finance on agricultural total factor productivity in Zhejiang Province from the perspective of integrated development of rural industries.

Improving agricultural total factor productivity is crucial for comprehensive rural revitalization and building a strong agricultural nation. Digital inclusive finance amalgamates the benefits of digital technology and inclusive finance, mitigating financial exclusion in agricultural production. It fosters rural revitalization and the modernization of agriculture by bolstering farmers' innovation, entrepreneurship, and agricultural technology advancements. Consequently, it significantly enhances overall agricultural total factor productivity. This study uses panel data from 2011 to 2020 to empirically investigate the impact and mechanism of digital inclusive finance on agricultural total factor productivity in Zhejiang Province, China. The research results show that digital inclusive finance significantly enhances agricultural total factor productivity in Zhejiang Province, which holds true even after a series of robustness tests. Analysis of the mechanism reveals that the integrated development of rural industries plays a crucial mediating role in empowering agricultural total factor productivity through digital inclusive finance. Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis indicates that the positive effect of digital inclusive finance on agricultural total factor productivity is more pronounced in the northeastern region of Zhejiang Province and in areas ranked in the second tier of agricultural development. Therefore, we recommend comprehensively enhancing the development of digital inclusive finance in rural areas, fostering a financial ecosystem that integrates rural industries, promoting the coordinated development of digital inclusive finance in different regions, and comprehensively improving agricultural total factor productivity.

The effects of Urban Identity on Entrepreneurial Choice.

This study investigate how the Urban identity(UI) influence the entrepreneurial choice of the migrants. Drawing on the identity economics theory in combination with microscopic perspective on entrepreneurship, we conclude that the UI increases the odds of self-employment of the migrants by 19.91% after solving endogenous problem in our sample of 126385 individuals from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey. We test the moderating effect of medical insurance and find that the interaction coefficient is positive. This study further reveals that the expanding social networks, improving urban integration, and increasing income are the three main mechanisms through which the UI influences the entrepreneurial choice of the migrants. So, we derive results consistent with our hypotheses. The findings have implications for both the entrepreneurship and national policy literature.

Research on the impact of equity incentive model on enterprise performance: A mediating effect analysis based on executive entrepreneurship.

In implementing the equity incentive system, this paper delves into the listed enterprises' selection of equity incentive models. While previous research has extensively covered the effects, models, and influencing factors of equity incentives, there needs to be more in-depth literature focusing on the diverse incentive models and their impact on corporate performance. Notably, there needs to be more literature on considering entrepreneurial spirit as a mechanism. It aims to explore the relationship between executives' choices under different incentive models, the entrepreneurial spirit fostered by these models, and their combined impact on corporate performance. The findings reveal that adopting the restricted stock incentive model by listed enterprises implementing the equity incentive system significantly positively affects enterprise performance. Mechanistic tests show that when a company implements the restricted stock incentive model, executives prioritize maximizing their interests, leading them to embrace more risk in their investment decisions. This behavior, in turn, stimulates the adventurous spirit of executives, positively impacting enterprise performance, particularly pronounced in companies with more concentrated executive power. Moreover, executives may be more inclined to invest in high-risk, high-reward innovative projects, a behavior indicative of innovation and more prevalent in firms with higher research and development (R&D) investment. However, the limitation of this paper is that the study evaluates the operation of the equity incentive system in China by taking listed companies in China as an example, which is not necessarily suitable for foreign developed capitalist countries. This study contributes to the study of principal-agent problems by exploring the relationship between executives, entrepreneurship and firm performance.

Research on the impact of digitalization on green development: An empirical analysis from the low-carbon strategy perspective.

With the collision between the green and low-carbon economy and the accelerating digital economy, how to realize the effect of "1+1>2" has gradually become an important topic for contributing to the high-quality development of regions and enterprises. Entrepreneurship in the digital age continues to exhibit new characteristics, and its impact on green development is also more closely related. This article focuses on the context of the low-carbon strategy, incorporating the digitalization level, entrepreneurship, and green development into the same framework. It then takes 2011-2021 Chinese provincial panel data and enterprise panel data as samples to conduct research. The results indicate the following: (1) The digitalization level has a significant positive promoting effect on the green development of regions and enterprises, and blockchain technology has the strongest promoting effect on the green development of enterprises. (2) The digitalization level drives the green development of regions and enterprises through three channels: entrepreneurs' innovative spirit, entrepreneurs' entrepreneurial spirit and entrepreneurs' contract spirit. Entrepreneurship is the intermediary bridge for the digitalization level to promote green development. (3) Environmental regulations partially serve as "accelerators" of the impact of green development. The findings of this article will provide empirical support for evaluating the impact of digitalization on green development and offer useful insights for better stimulating and cultivating entrepreneurship in the new era to empower comprehensive green development.

[Integration of "tri-bio, tri-chain and tri-creation" innovation and entrepreneurship education into talent training program].

Under the background of the "era of mass innovation", there are challenges in the training of biotechnology professionals, including a "backward concept of innovation and entrepreneurship education", a "singular education method of innovation and entrepreneurship", and a "limited practice platform of innovation and entrepreneurship". These challenges require the implementation of a new training model. In comparison to the talent training objectives of new engineering construction, the College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering at Zhejiang University of Technology has been exploring and practicing the training mode "tri-bio, tri-chain and tri-creation " for 42 years. The research has established a new platform and paradigm for training exceptional engineering innovation and entrepreneurship talents. It also offers valuable references and insights for the reform of training methods for biotechnology professionals by optimizing the education concept of "biology, life and live ", enriching the education method of "knowledge chain, scientific research chain and industrial chain", and building the three-creation technology practice platform based on "creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship".

Exploring the impact of college graduates' place attachment on entrepreneurial intention upon returning to hometowns: A study based on the theory of planned behavior.

The issue of the continuing decline of rural areas caused by urbanization has become a global concern. Encouraging college graduates to return to their hometowns to start businesses is an important initiative for countries to achieve sustainable rural development. Drawing from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study introduces two additional variables: place attachment and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Through a series of three model refinements, a comprehensive theoretical framework has been formulated to elucidate Chinese college graduates' hometown-based entrepreneurial intention and behavior. The samples for this study were 1151 college graduates selected from diverse universities across China. This study aims to explore the influence of college graduates' hometown-based entrepreneurial intention using Structural Equation Modelling. This analytical approach illuminates how variables such as college graduates' place attachment, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, subjective norm for hometown-based entrepreneurship, and attitude towards hometown-based entrepreneurship affected their hometown-based entrepreneurial intention. The research findings reveal the following insights: (1) The overall levels of college graduates' place attachment and hometown-based entrepreneurial intention were relatively low. (2) College graduates' place attachment, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, subjective norm for hometown-based entrepreneurship, and attitude towards hometown-based entrepreneurship, had a positive impact on their hometown-based entrepreneurial intention. (3) College graduates' place attachment and subjective norm for hometown-based entrepreneurship had a significant impact on their hometown-based entrepreneurial intention through the mediating variable of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. This study then makes policy recommendations from theoretical and managerial aspects.

Entrepreneurship in the Favela: Negotiating Precarity and Mental Health During Covid-19.

This paper aims to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health and mental health of necessary entrepreneurs in Brasilian favelas, the social problems they experienced and implications for public health social work. The study used structured in-person interviews within selected Favela's, with a sample size of 721 entrepreneurs, aged between 16-70 years. All participants both worked and were resident in 15 out of the 27 Brasilian federal states. The bespoke questions explored socio-demographic questions, sought information on their entrepreneurship, health and administered the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale for Health. The results highlighted that many entrepreneurs have engaged in this form of enterprise due to economic necessity, with 64% of women and 43.6% of men identifying increased levels of anxiety through the pandemic, with the presence of children in the family being statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05 chi-square test) for anxiety. Of the 9.8% sample respondents have accessed the health care service and for women with children, the impact of the pandemic accentuated existing problems of childcare and patriarchy. We conclude by highlighting the importance of universal and accessible health and mental health support and care, their ongoing accessibility, along with the importance of social work during crisis.

Unpacking the optimistic mindset of business students towards entrepreneurship.

Entrepreneurial ventures are established in large numbers in China. The success rate of these entrepreneurial ventures is lower than that of new startups. Mismanagement and a lack of creative skills among entrepreneurs are cited as reasons for entrepreneurial failure in China. The current study investigates the impact of entrepreneurial networking and new venture intention on entrepreneurial success in China, with psychological capital and entrepreneurial optimism serving as moderators. 483 responses were collected from business students in China for data analysis. The findings of the study reveal that the impact of entrepreneurial networking and new venture intention on entrepreneurial success in China, with the moderating role of psychological capital and entrepreneurial optimism, is significant. The theoretical framework of this research has novelty as it introduces new moderating relationships of psychological capital and entrepreneurial optimism in the model of entrepreneurial success. Practically, this study has revealed that entrepreneurial success can be achieved with entrepreneurial networking, entrepreneurial optimism, psychological capital, and new venture intention. The directions of this research point out additional gaps in the literature that scholars should discuss in subsequent studies.

Nine Steps in the Entrepreneurial Journey for Academic Radiologists.

In this article, we explore the nine steps that we have found to be critical for success in our journeys in taking ideas in imaging to commercial products. These nine steps include 1) findings ideas that resonate, 2) protecting your intellectual property, 3) developing a great team that shares in the vision for the product, 4) building a low-fidelity prototype, 5) customer discovery to test your business hypothesis, 6) forming a company, 7) serving on a study section as a prelude to 8) seeking non-dilutive funding, and finally, 9) angel/venture funding.

Anticipating and strategizing to address potential bottlenecks during clinical research projects in sub-Saharan Africa: a case for adapting approaches and tools used in the entrepreneurial and development sectors.

Many research funders have invested billions of US dollars in building research capacity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Despite these colossal investments, many well-intentioned and designed clinical research projects have either failed to kick off or ended abruptly. Although obstacles to clinical research in SSA are well known, there is limited information on frameworks and tools that can be used to anticipate and avert these systemic bottlenecks, particularly those related to socio-politics. In this paper, we leveraged lessons from entrepreneurs and development experts in harsh and uncertain business environments to develop a framework for anticipating and addressing potential bottlenecks to clinical research in SSA. More so, to illustrate and build a case for this framework, we shared our experience in supporting clinicians and regulators to adopt a point-of-use care tool, the "chemoPAD," to screen for the quality of anticancer medications rapidly and systematically in Cameroon despite resistance from some stakeholders. The critical steps in this framework involve identifying stakeholders, categorizing them based on their potential reactions to the study (adversary, supporters, and indifferents), and developing critical strategies to engage or deal with each stakeholder's reactions, starting with adversaries. This approach may be useful in complex research projects, especially clinical trials, which often involve many stakeholders with different interests and perceptions.

Curricula and resources related to social entrepreneurship and public health innovation within schools of public health in the United States.

This paper examines the current state of social innovation and entrepreneurship programming, courses, and centers within schools of public health through a survey data analysis. This report presents a cross-sectional survey conducted among faculty members of public health schools in the United States. The survey aims to determine the availability and current state of student-centered programs and courses centered around social innovation and entrepreneurship within schools of public health. Insights were drawn from 19 professionals across 15 schools of public health. Uncertainties surround the sustainability of current programs, with insufficient funding, human resources, and the need to teach more pressing topics identified as the most significant obstacles. Key areas identified as opportunities for growth were faculty engagement, expertise, and funding to expand more structured programming.

Has the Integrated Medical Insurance System promoted return-to-hometown entrepreneurship among migrant workers? Evidence from China.

An important way to reduce urban-rural disparity lies in encouraging migrant workers to return to their hometowns for entrepreneurship. This paper examines the effect of the Integrated Medical Insurance System on the return-to-hometown entrepreneurship among migrant workers. Using microdata from the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) spanning from 2013 to 2019, we find that the Integrated Medical Insurance System (IMIS) significantly increases the likelihood of migrant workers returning to their hometowns for entrepreneurship by 0.44%. This result remains stable after a series of robustness checks. Heterogeneity results indicate that this "pullback effect" is more pronounced for those who are male and with lower educational levels, higher income, larger social networks, and lower risk preferences. Finally, the interaction between the Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation policy (MEI) and IMIS can create a more significant combined effect in promoting the return of migrant workers to their hometowns for entrepreneurial activities.

Access to digital finance: Equity crowdfunding across countries and platforms.

Financing entrepreneurship spurs innovation and economic growth. Digital financial platforms that crowdfund equity for entrepreneurs have emerged globally, yet they remain poorly understood. We model equity crowdfunding in terms of the relationship between the number of investors and the amount of money raised per pitch. We examine heterogeneity in the average amount raised per pitch that is associated with differences across three countries and seven platforms. Using a novel dataset of successful fundraising on the most prominent platforms in the UK, Germany, and the USA, we find the underlying relationship between the number of investors and the amount of money raised for entrepreneurs is loglinear, with a coefficient less than one and concave to the origin. We identify significant variation in the average amount invested in each pitch across countries and platforms. Our findings have implications for market actors as well as regulators who set competitive frameworks.

Impresarios of identity: How the leaders of Czechoslovakia's 'Candlelight Demonstration' enabled effective collective action in a context of repression.

This paper presents an analysis of identity leadership (Haslam et al., The new psychology of leadership: Identity, influence and power, Routledge, 2020) in the 1988 'Candlelight Demonstration' in Bratislava which was a precursor to the 1989 Velvet Revolution. The analysis is based on interviews with the five remaining leaders of the demonstration and addresses three core issues. First, how leaders use performative means (identity impresarioship) as well as limited rhetorical means (identity entrepreneurship) to assemble protestors and create a sense of shared identity amongst them. Second, how these strategies of mobilization are linked to the highly repressive context in which the demonstration took place. Third, we analyse the extent to which these strategies are rooted in a psychological understanding of the processes of mobilization. We conclude by addressing the implications for our general understanding of leadership and the mobilization of collective action and the need for more research into these processes under conditions of repression.

Can sustainable entrepreneurship be achieved through green knowledge sharing, green dynamic capabilities, and green service innovation?

Expansion of business activities comes with various environmental and natural disasters, hence agitating the economies and academia to present the counter and effective solution. Researchers also pinpointed prior that there exists a dark side of business expansion such as lacking of green innovative activities and dynamic capabilities which are creating resistance to achieve sustainability. Besides, literature also claims that green innovation is a crucial segment to achieve competitive edge that leads to sustainable entrepreneurship; however, it is not easier to be achieved as green innovation along green capabilities makes a complex network which consists of embedded partners, hence, also in dire need of green knowledge sharing as well to make the process smooth. In this lieu, the study aims to scrutinize the effectiveness of green knowledge sharing, green dynamic capabilities, and green service innovation on green entrepreneurship in the presence of gender role as a moderator. Empirical estimations calculated through PLS methodology reveal that green knowledge sharing, green dynamic capabilities, and green service innovation has a positive and significant linkage with green entrepreneurship in Vietnam. The outcomes also exposed that the male gender role significantly moderates the said relationship in Vietnam. Findings confirm that adoption sustainability practices such as green knowledge sharing, innovation, and dynamic capabilities are helpful to fulfill sustainable entrepreneurship demand; hence, further research is needed to extend the framework along with existing concepts.

How does formal credit promote green entrepreneurship? New insights from renewable energy producers in high-, middle-, and low-income countries.

To tackle the growing menace of environmental degradation, the idea of green entrepreneurship has gained popularity, which is the process of creating new goods and technologies to solve environmental problems. Like traditional entrepreneurs, green entrepreneurs also need financial backing from financial institutions. However, no empirical evidence was found regarding the relationship between formal credit and green entrepreneurship. This analysis is an effort to plug this vacuum into the literature by analyzing the impact of formal credit on green entrepreneurship in high, middle, and low-income economies from 2011 to 2021. The study has employed various econometric techniques such as fixed-effects, random-effects, 2SLS, and GMM. The results show that formal credit substantially develops green entrepreneurship in high, middle, low-income, and full samples. Besides formal credit, GDP, environmental pressure, trade openness, technological development, and human capital are crucial in green entrepreneurship development in all samples. Policymakers may collaborate with financial institutions to create and provide specialized financial products and services catering to green entrepreneurs.

O trabalho em associações e cooperativas: os empreendimentos, redes de contato e saúde dos trabalhadores / Work in associations and cooperatives: enterprises, contact networks and workers’ health

Esta pesquisa buscou analisar o trabalho em associações e cooperativas de trabalho situadas no Nordeste do Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo envolvendo doze instituições, investiga-das por meio de um questionário e seis entrevistas com associados. As respostas ao questioná-rio foram analisadas utilizando o método QCA (Análise Qualitativa Comparativa) e as entrevis-tas pela técnica de análise de conteúdo. Evidenciou-se a importância do apoio fornecido por atores sociais externos aos empreendimentos, mas também uma avaliação negativa da gestão. A criação desses empreendimentos se configura como uma oportunidade de trabalho e renda para a maioria dos entrevistados. Notou-se, no entanto, a falta de preocupação com a saúde dos associados e os cuidados necessários para reduzir os riscos de acidentes, incluindo a expo-sição frequente a materiais perigosos e contaminados, bem como incertezas, estresses no am-biente de trabalho, cargas de trabalho excessivas e conflitos interpessoais. Estes últimos po-dem contribuir para acidentes e doenças ocupacionais. (AU)

This research aimed to analyze the work in labor associations and cooperatives located in northeastern Brazil. This is a qualitative study involving twelve institutions, investigated through a questionnaire and six interviews with associates. The answers to the questionnaire were analyzed using the QCA (Comparative Qualitative Analysis) method, and the interviews were conducted using the content analysis technique. The importance of the support provided by social actors external to the enterprises was highlighted, but also a negative evaluation of the management. The creation of these enterprises is configured as an opportunity for work and income for most of the interviewees. However, there was a lack of concern for the health of associates and the necessary care to reduce the risk of accidents, including frequent expo-sure to hazardous and contaminated materials, as well as uncertainties, stresses in the work environment, excessive workloads and interpersonal conflicts. The latter can contribute to oc-cupational accidents and illnesses. (AU)